April 3, 2026
AnalysisProducing Scarcity
Sanctions on the Venezuelan central bank
The US siege of Venezuela has crippled the country's financial system. What are the preconditions for its recovery?
January 22, 2026
AnalysisLift the Siege
Venezuela and the IMF
Will Caracas be able to mount an economic recovery in the aftermath of the US assault?
Matrices of Empire
Explaining the assault on Venezuela
Washington's campaign to weaken Chinese influence in Latin America is crucial context for its abduction of Maduro. Will its aggression backfire?
December 6, 2024
AnalysisEnergy Offshoots
Transformations in Petróleos de Venezuela and geopolitical realignments
Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) has been integral to Nicolás Maduro’s government and the greater Chavista project. Despite the state-owned oil company controlling the largest crude oil reserves in the world, its production capabilities have fallen sharply since 2014: the country…
March 21, 2024
AnalysisOffshore Treasure
ExxonMobil, Venezuela, and the battle for Guyana’s oil
Since the discovery of some of the world’s largest oil reserves in 2015, Guyana has entered a period of economic and geostrategic reconfiguration. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA), Guyana holds the sixth-largest oil reserves in the Americas and…